Ecotoxicity is measured using a variety of tests and models. Bioassays are commonly employed to determine the toxicity of chemicals on specific organisms. These tests can be conducted in the laboratory or in the field and often involve species that are representative of different trophic levels, such as algae, daphnia, and fish. Additional methods include biomarkers and ecological models that help in predicting and assessing the effects of pollutants at various levels of biological organization.
