Detecting hormonal disruption involves several approaches. Biochemical assays can measure hormone levels in blood or urine, providing insights into endocrine function. In vitro assays, such as the E-Screen assay, help assess estrogenic activity of substances. Additionally, modern techniques like mass spectrometry offer precise quantification of hormones and their metabolites. Animal studies and epidemiological research also contribute to understanding the impacts of toxins on hormonal systems.
