Quantitative data in toxicology is collected through various experimental and observational methods. Animal studies are a common source, providing data on dose-response and toxic effects. In vitro assays, using cell cultures, also offer quantitative data on cellular responses to toxicants. Epidemiological studies provide human data, which can be used to estimate exposure levels and associated risks. Advanced techniques like toxicogenomics are increasingly being used to generate quantitative data at the molecular level.
