Hazard Identification: Identifying the inherent harmful properties of a chemical through toxicological studies and historical data. Exposure Assessment: Estimating the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure to the chemical. This includes evaluating potential routes of exposure such as inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Dose-Response Assessment: Analyzing the relationship between the dose and the incidence of adverse effects, often utilizing animal testing data and computational models. Risk Characterization: Integrating data from the previous steps to estimate the overall risk, typically expressed as a probability of occurrence or a margin of safety.
