Risk models can be broadly classified into several types:
Deterministic Models: These models use fixed values for input parameters, providing a single point estimate of risk. They are straightforward but do not account for uncertainty or variability. Probabilistic Models: These incorporate variability and uncertainty in input parameters, often using Monte Carlo simulation to produce a range of possible outcomes and their probabilities. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Models: These complex models simulate how a chemical is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body, offering a detailed prediction of internal doses. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Models: These predictive models estimate the toxicity of chemicals based on their molecular structure, aiding in the assessment of untested compounds.
