Diagnosis of tetanus is primarily clinical, based on the patient’s history and physical examination. There are no specific laboratory tests for tetanus. Treatment involves administering tetanus antitoxin to neutralize the circulating toxin, wound care to eliminate the bacterial source, and antibiotics such as metronidazole or penicillin G to kill the bacteria. Muscle relaxants and sedatives may be used to control spasms. Supportive care, often in an intensive care unit, is crucial for severe cases.
