To study transcriptional changes induced by toxicants, scientists employ various techniques. Gene expression profiling, using methods like quantitative PCR and RNA sequencing, allows researchers to monitor changes in RNA levels in response to toxic exposure. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) can be used to investigate the interactions between transcription factors and DNA. These techniques help identify specific genes and pathways affected by toxicants, providing insights into the mechanisms of toxicity.
