Various substances can have different MoAs, but some common ones include:
Enzyme inhibition: The substance binds to an enzyme, reducing its activity and disrupting normal biochemical processes. Receptor binding: The toxicant interacts with cellular receptors, affecting signal transduction and cell function. Oxidative stress: The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to cellular damage and apoptosis. DNA damage: The substance causes mutations, leading to cancer or other genetic disorders. Membrane disruption: The toxicant interacts with cellular membranes, altering their permeability and integrity.
