Nanostructures refer to materials with structural components smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. These materials exhibit distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to their bulk counterparts due to their increased surface area and quantum effects. Common examples include nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanosheets. These properties make nanostructures highly desirable for various applications, yet they also introduce unique challenges in assessing their toxicity.
