Enzymes: Many toxicants inhibit enzyme activity, disrupting metabolic processes. For example, organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to an accumulation of acetylcholine and subsequent neurological effects. Receptors: Hormonal mimics or blockers often target receptors, leading to endocrine disruption. DNA: Some toxicants, such as certain carcinogens, directly interact with DNA, causing mutations and potentially leading to cancer.
