GC-MS is used in various applications within toxicology:
1. Forensic Toxicology: Identifying drugs, alcohol, and poisons in post-mortem samples. 2. Clinical Toxicology: Monitoring therapeutic drug levels and detecting drug abuse. 3. Environmental Toxicology: Measuring pollutants and contaminants in air, water, and soil. 4. Occupational Toxicology: Assessing exposure to hazardous chemicals in the workplace. 5. Pharmaceutical Toxicology: Ensuring the safety and efficacy of new drugs.