Despite their potential, GWAS in toxicology face several challenges:
Complex Traits: Toxicological responses are often complex and influenced by multiple genes and environmental interactions. Population Stratification: Differences in allele frequencies between populations can lead to false associations. Rare Variants: GWAS typically focus on common variants, potentially missing rare variants with significant effects. Statistical Power: Large sample sizes are necessary to ensure adequate power to detect associations, especially for rare toxicological outcomes.
