Several extraction methods are commonly employed in toxicology, each with its specific applications and advantages:
Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE): This method involves the separation of compounds based on their solubility in two different immiscible liquids. It is widely used for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE): SPE uses a solid matrix to adsorb the substances of interest, which are later eluted using a solvent. It offers higher selectivity and cleaner extracts compared to LLE. Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE): Utilizing supercritical fluids, usually carbon dioxide, this method is efficient for extracting non-polar compounds. It is environmentally friendly and often provides faster results. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE): This technique uses microwave energy to heat the sample and solvent, enhancing the extraction efficiency and reducing time.
