What Are the Common Indicators of Cellular Damage?
Cellular damage can be indicated by several biomarkers. These include alterations in cell membrane integrity, changes in mitochondrial function, and disruptions in cellular metabolism. Leakage of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the extracellular space is also a common indicator. Additionally, DNA damage and oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde and glutathione levels are often used to assess cellular damage.
