Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that can cause significant cellular damage. They are often generated as a result of exposure to toxic substances. ROS can lead to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage, which can compromise cell function and viability. Antioxidant defenses are crucial in mitigating ROS-induced damage, and assessing the balance between ROS and antioxidants can provide insights into the extent of cellular injury.
