What Are the Common Toxins Affecting the Endothelium?
Several toxins can adversely affect the endothelium, including:
- Heavy Metals: Metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium can disrupt endothelial function by generating oxidative stress and interfering with cellular signaling pathways. - Air Pollutants: Particulate matter and other pollutants can cause endothelial dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular diseases. - Cigarette Smoke: Known to cause oxidative damage and inflammation, cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis through its effects on the endothelium. - Alcohol: While moderate consumption can have beneficial effects, chronic and excessive alcohol intake is detrimental to endothelial health.
