What Are the Key Pathways Involved in Cellular Stress Response?
Several key pathways are involved in cellular stress response, including:
Heat Shock Response: This pathway is activated by elevated temperatures and helps refold denatured proteins using heat shock proteins (HSPs). Oxidative Stress Response: Triggered by ROS, this pathway involves the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase to neutralize ROS. Unfolded Protein Response: This response is activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, prompting the cell to enhance protein folding and degradation processes. DNA Damage Response: Upon sensing DNA damage, this pathway halts the cell cycle to allow for repair or triggers apoptosis if the damage is too severe.
