1. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES): This permits system aims to control the discharge of pollutants into surface waters. Facilities must obtain an NPDES permit to discharge wastewater.
2. Water Quality Standards: The CWA mandates the establishment of water quality criteria based on the latest scientific data. These standards aim to protect aquatic life and human health.
3. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs): These calculations determine the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive while still meeting water quality standards.
