Glucuronidation: This is the most common conjugation reaction where the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) adds glucuronic acid to the substrate. It is crucial for the metabolism of a wide range of drugs and endogenous compounds. Sulfation: This reaction involves the transfer of a sulfate group, facilitated by sulfotransferase enzymes. It plays a significant role in the metabolism of hormones, neurotransmitters, and some drugs. Glutathione Conjugation: This involves the addition of glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). It is particularly important in detoxifying electrophilic compounds and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Acetylation: This reaction is catalyzed by N-acetyltransferases and is important for the metabolism of aromatic amines and hydrazines. Methylation: Here, methyl groups are transferred to the substrate, often affecting neurotransmitters and certain drugs.
