One challenge in targeting N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase is the potential for developing bacterial resistance. Bacteria can mutate or acquire mechanisms to bypass the inhibited pathways, rendering treatments ineffective. Toxicologists must address these challenges by investigating the enzyme's structure and function to design inhibitors that minimize resistance. Another consideration is the specificity of these inhibitors, as off-target effects could lead to toxicity in human cells, necessitating rigorous toxicological evaluations.
