Wastewater contaminants are diverse substances that are present in wastewater, which is water that has been adversely affected by human use. These contaminants can include chemicals, microbial pathogens, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. The sources of these contaminants range from domestic sewage, industrial discharges, to agricultural runoff. They pose significant challenges to environmental health and human safety due to their potential toxicity and persistence in the environment.
