Despite significant advancements, toxicological discovery faces several challenges. One major issue is the complexity of biological systems, which makes it difficult to predict how chemicals will behave in different organisms. Additionally, there is a constant emergence of new substances, such as nanomaterials and synthetic compounds, that require novel approaches to assess their toxicity. The variability in human populations, including genetic diversity and exposure history, also complicates risk assessment. Addressing these challenges requires continuous innovation and multidisciplinary collaboration.
