Several factors can influence the absorption of a drug, significantly impacting its toxic potential:
Route of Administration: The pathway through which a drug is taken affects absorption rates. For instance, intravenous administration leads to immediate absorption, while oral ingestion may result in slower absorption. Solubility: Water-soluble drugs are absorbed differently compared to lipid-soluble drugs. Lipid-soluble drugs tend to cross cell membranes more easily, potentially increasing their toxicity. pH and Ionization: The pH of the environment can influence the ionization of a drug, affecting its absorption. Non-ionized forms are usually absorbed more readily. Blood Flow to Absorption Site: Increased blood flow can enhance absorption, while reduced flow may hinder it. Surface Area: Larger surface areas, such as those in the intestines, facilitate greater absorption.
