Metabolic activity can be influenced by various factors, including genetic variability, age, sex, diet, and the presence of other chemicals. Genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes can lead to interindividual differences in drug metabolism and toxicity. For example, variations in the CYP2D6 gene can result in poor, intermediate, extensive, or ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotypes, impacting drug efficacy and safety. Additionally, dietary components and concomitant exposure to other substances can induce or inhibit metabolic enzymes, altering the metabolism of xenobiotics.
