A variety of methods are employed for hazard identification, which include:
Epidemiological studies: These studies investigate the incidence and distribution of health events in specific populations to identify potential hazards. Animal testing: Laboratory animals are exposed to substances to observe for adverse effects, which can then be extrapolated to humans. In vitro tests: These are conducted in controlled environments like petri dishes to study cellular responses to toxic substances. Structure-activity relationships (SAR): This involves analyzing the chemical structure of substances to predict their toxicological properties.
