Various pollutants can contribute to coral bleaching. Some of the most harmful include:
- Heavy Metals: Metals like _mercury_, _lead_, and _cadmium_ can be toxic to corals, disrupting cellular processes and affecting growth. - Pesticides: Chemicals used in agriculture can run off into the ocean, impacting coral health by inhibiting photosynthesis in zooxanthellae. - Oil Spills: Hydrocarbon compounds can coat corals, blocking sunlight and oxygen, leading to stress and bleaching. - Nutrient Pollution: Excessive nutrients from fertilizers can lead to _algal blooms_ that overshadow corals and limit their access to sunlight.
