The cell cycle is tightly regulated by a series of checkpoints that ensure cells divide accurately and at the right time. These checkpoints are controlled by proteins such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which work together to advance the cell cycle through its various phases. Toxins that interfere with these regulatory proteins can disrupt the cell cycle, leading to errors in DNA replication and division. Understanding how these pathways are affected by toxicants is a key area of research in toxicology.
