A variety of toxins are known to cause proteinuria. For instance, exposure to heavy metals like cadmium, lead, and mercury is associated with kidney damage leading to proteinuria. Certain pharmaceutical drugs, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some antibiotics, can also induce proteinuria. Additionally, exposure to industrial chemicals such as ethylene glycol and solvents can be nephrotoxic, resulting in proteinuria.
