The case centered around the contamination of drinking water in the town of Hinkley, California, with hexavalent chromium, a chemical used by PG&E in their operations. This compound is known to be a potent carcinogen and posed significant health risks to the residents. The contamination led to various health issues, including cancer and other chronic diseases. The lawsuit resulted in a $333 million settlement, one of the largest of its kind in U.S. history.