Why is the Understanding of Functional Groups Important?
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and reactivity. They play a vital role in determining the chemical properties of molecules. For example, alcohol groups (-OH) can enhance solubility in water, while aromatic rings can increase the molecule's ability to cross biological membranes, thereby affecting its distribution and metabolism in the body. Recognizing these groups helps toxicologists predict how a compound might behave in a biological system.
