Yes, exposure to certain toxins can potentially trigger autoimmune diseases. This occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Substances such as silica, solvents, and certain drugs have been associated with the development of autoimmune conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. The precise mechanisms are still under investigation, but it is believed that these substances may alter immune cell function or mimic natural molecules, leading to a misdirected immune response.