The discovery of new biomarkers involves several steps: 1. _Hypothesis Generation_: Based on existing knowledge, scientists hypothesize potential biomarkers. 2. _Sample Collection_: Biological samples such as blood, urine, or tissues are collected from exposed and control groups. 3. _Analytical Techniques_: Advanced techniques like mass spectrometry, genomics, and proteomics are used to analyze samples and identify candidate biomarkers. 4. _Validation_: Identified candidates are validated through additional studies to ensure their reliability and specificity.
