Toxicity assessment of nanomaterials involves a combination of in vitro, in vivo, and computational approaches:
In Vitro Studies: Cell-based assays are used to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and other cellular effects of nanomaterials. In Vivo Studies: Animal models are employed to study the systemic effects and biodistribution of nanomaterials. Computational Modeling: Computational tools are used to predict the toxicological properties of nanomaterials based on their physicochemical characteristics.
