How Can Inflammation be Measured in Toxicological Studies?
In toxicological studies, inflammation can be measured through various biomarkers. Common biomarkers include levels of specific cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the presence of inflammatory cells in tissues. Advanced techniques such as flow cytometry and ELISA are often used to quantify these markers. Understanding these measurements helps in assessing the extent of inflammation and the potential toxic effects of substances.
