Monitoring water quality involves testing for various physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Advanced techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are used to detect and quantify contaminants. Biological indicators, such as changes in the composition of aquatic communities, can provide insights into the health of water bodies.
Remote sensing technology and geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly used to track pollution sources and assess the extent of contamination. Water quality monitoring networks and citizen science initiatives also play a crucial role in identifying and addressing contamination issues.
