AOPs utilize a combination of chemical reactions, often involving photocatalysis, ozonation, and Fenton reactions, to produce hydroxyl radicals. These radicals are non-selective and can react with a wide range of pollutants, breaking them down into smaller, less toxic molecules. The main advantage of AOPs is their ability to mineralize pollutants completely, converting them into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic ions, thus reducing the toxicity of the treated water.
