Drug-drug interactions can occur through various mechanisms:
Pharmacokinetic interactions: These involve changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug. For instance, one drug may inhibit the enzyme responsible for metabolizing another drug, leading to increased levels of the latter. Pharmacodynamic interactions: These occur when two drugs have additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects. For example, taking two drugs with sedative properties can lead to excessive sedation. Chemical or physical interactions: These involve direct chemical reactions between drugs, often leading to inactivation or precipitation.
