Microbial toxins can have a wide range of effects on human health, from mild symptoms like nausea and diarrhea to severe conditions such as organ failure and death. The impact of these toxins depends on several factors, including the dose, route of exposure, and individual susceptibility. For instance, aflatoxins produced by certain fungi are potent carcinogens that can contaminate food supplies, leading to liver cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these toxins helps in developing preventive and therapeutic measures.