Toxic substances can cause disruption by interacting with specific receptors, enzymes, or other molecular targets within an organism. For example, endocrine disruptors can mimic, block, or interfere with the function of hormones, leading to adverse health effects. Additionally, toxicants can cause oxidative stress, alter gene expression, and lead to cellular damage, which can disrupt normal biological functions. The degree of disruption often depends on the dose, duration of exposure, and the specific susceptibility of the individual or species.
