How Do Toxicants Interact with Complex Biological Systems?
Toxicants interact with biological systems in multifaceted ways. They can affect receptor binding, disrupt cellular signaling pathways, and alter gene expression. The complexity arises from the fact that these interactions are often nonlinear and context-dependent. For example, the same toxicant may have different effects depending on the organism's age, health status, or concurrent exposure to other chemicals.
