Toxins can influence biological pathways by interacting with cellular components such as proteins, DNA, or membranes. These interactions can lead to the activation or inhibition of specific pathways. For instance, a toxin might bind to a receptor on the cell surface, altering a signal transduction pathway that controls cell growth, leading to carcinogenesis. Alternatively, toxins might interfere with metabolic pathways, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites.
