The substantia nigra is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to the high metabolic activity associated with dopamine metabolism. Various toxins, including pesticides, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals, can exacerbate oxidative stress, leading to neuronal damage. For example, exposure to MPTP, a neurotoxin, selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, mimicking the pathological features of Parkinsonâs disease. This vulnerability is a significant factor in understanding how environmental and occupational exposures contribute to neurodegenerative processes.
