Phytoextraction: Plants absorb contaminants through their roots and translocate them to above-ground parts, which can then be harvested and disposed of properly. Phytostabilization: Plants immobilize contaminants in the soil, thus preventing their migration to groundwater or air. Phytodegradation: Plants degrade organic contaminants through metabolic processes within the plant tissues or associated microorganisms. Rhizofiltration: Plant roots absorb, precipitate, and concentrate contaminants from aqueous sources, such as wastewater or surface water.
