The body has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to counteract the effects of pro-oxidants. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase neutralize ROS. Non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and flavonoids also play a critical role in mitigating oxidative damage. Maintaining a balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants is crucial for preventing oxidative stress and its associated pathologies.
