Recent discoveries in toxicology have enhanced our understanding of how chemicals affect living organisms. For example, the identification of endocrine disruptors has revolutionized how we view chemical exposure and its long-term impacts on health. Research into the effects of nanoparticles has provided new insights into the unique challenges posed by these materials. Additionally, the development of in vitro models and computational toxicology methods has reduced the reliance on animal testing and improved the accuracy of toxicity predictions.