Toxic substances can target specific organ systems, leading to systemic health issues. For example, hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage caused by toxins such as alcohol, acetaminophen at high doses, and industrial solvents. Nephrotoxicity affects the kidneys and can result from exposure to heavy metals like cadmium. Respiratory toxicants, including tobacco smoke and particulate matter, can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung disorders.
