Translational research bridges the gap between laboratory research and real-world applications through several key steps. Initially, researchers identify a clear research question or problem based on clinical or environmental observations. They then conduct preclinical studies using model systems to gather data on the toxicological effects of substances. The findings from these studies are subsequently validated and refined through collaborative efforts involving toxicologists, clinicians, and regulatory agencies. This collaborative approach ensures that research findings are both scientifically robust and relevant to human health.