Pathological data is collected through various methodologies, including histopathology, clinical chemistry, and biomarker analysis. Histopathology involves the microscopic examination of tissues to identify structural changes caused by toxic agents. Clinical chemistry assesses the biochemical changes in the blood or urine that indicate organ dysfunction. Biomarker analysis focuses on specific molecules that indicate exposure, effect, or susceptibility to toxicants. Advanced technologies such as imaging techniques, genomics, and proteomics are also employed to gather detailed pathological data.