What are the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Carcinogenesis?
Carcinogenesis involves multiple molecular mechanisms, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes. DNA damage can result from exposure to genotoxic carcinogens, leading to mutations. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, can damage cellular components, including DNA. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.
