Toxicity at different body sites can be measured using various biomarkers and assays. For example, liver function tests (LFTs) help assess hepatic toxicity by measuring enzymes like ALT and AST. Kidney function is evaluated using biomarkers such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Neurotoxicity can be assessed through behavioral tests and imaging studies, while lung function tests (spirometry) and skin patch tests can evaluate pulmonary and dermal toxicity, respectively.
